1. The lambda phage is largely incapable of infecting bacterial species other than E. coli. This is most likely because:
   
   
   1. E. coli has a circular chromosome while other bacterial species do not.
   2. other bacterial species have circular chromosomes while E. coli does not.
   3. other bacterial species lack a chromosomal integration site for lambda DNA.
   4. other bacterial species lack specific cell surface proteins that lambda normally binds.